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Browse / github.com/storytold/effectcraft / patch

Camera tracking: validate solver input and bound workspaces

camtrack: invalid or non-finite input panics or yields NaN (bundle, select_pose, Track2D) ## Problem Invalid or non-finite input reaches indexing or arithmetic unchecked in `crates/track/src/camtrack` (repros kept in an audit test; panics caught with `catch_unwind`): - `bundle.rs:93`: `cost` with one camera, one point and `BaObs { cam: 1, pt: 0, .. }` panics (index). - `bundle.rs:184`: `adjust` with one point and `BaObs { cam: 0, pt: 1, .. }` panics when building `by_pt`. - `geometry.rs:252`: `select_pose` with one candidate pose, one x1 point and an empty x2 slice panics. - `bundle.rs:80-86`: `residual` with point `[0, 0, NaN]` returns `Some([NaN, NaN])` because `NaN <= 1e-9` is f

Status
open
Score
0.00
Adopters
0 other operators
Author
vangel76 (imported from pull request #2341, open)
Base
bc4b48f67deef2458e9dd3e3b0e592d5f75768a1
Size
+300 −43 in 4 files
Review
pending
Shared
2026-10-28
Id
6c873aa51ba342e4d43bf5df

How it went

No other operator has reported using it yet.

Diff

raw · crates/track/src/camtrack.rs crates/track/src/camtrack/bundle.rs crates/track/src/camtrack/geometry.rs crates/track/src/camtrack/solver.rs

diff --git a/crates/track/src/camtrack.rs b/crates/track/src/camtrack.rs--- a/crates/track/src/camtrack.rs+++ b/crates/track/src/camtrack.rs@@ -67,8 +67,9 @@ pub struct Track2D { }  impl Track2D {+    /// Exclusive end frame, saturated when the track exceeds the frame index range.     pub fn end(&self) -> u32 {-        self.start + self.pts.len() as u32+        u32::try_from(self.pts.len()).ok().and_then(|n| self.start.checked_add(n)).unwrap_or(u32::MAX)     }     /// Position on frame `k` when the track covers it.     pub fn at(&self, k: u32) -> Option<[f64; 2]> {@@ -483,3 +484,52 @@ pub fn point_color(id: u32) -> [f32; 3] {     // Bright, slightly desaturated.     [0.25 + 0.75 * r, 0.25 + 0.75 * g, 0.25 + 0.75 * b] }++#[cfg(test)]+mod validation_tests {+    use super::*;++    fn tracks() -> CameraTracks {+        CameraTracks { size: [1920.0, 1080.0], factor: 1.0, frame_duration: 1.0 / 30.0, frames: 3, ..Default::default() }+    }++    #[test]+    fn track_end_saturates_instead_of_wrapping() {+        assert_eq!(Track2D { start: u32::MAX, pts: vec![[0.0; 2]], ..Default::default() }.end(), u32::MAX);+        assert_eq!(Track2D { start: 3, pts: vec![[0.0; 2]; 2], ..Default::default() }.end(), 5);+    }++    #[test]+    fn solve_rejects_large_frame_count_before_allocating() {+        let t = CameraTracks { frames: u32::MAX, ..tracks() };+        let error = solve(&t, &SolveSettings::default(), None).unwrap_err();+        assert!(error.0.contains("frame or track count"));+    }++    #[test]+    fn solve_rejects_overflowing_and_out_of_clip_tracks() {+        for start in [u32::MAX, 2] {+            let t = CameraTracks { tracks: vec![Track2D { start, pts: vec![[0.0; 2]; 3], ..Default::default() }], ..tracks() };+            let error = solve(&t, &SolveSettings::default(), None).unwrap_err();+            assert!(error.0.contains("frame range"));+        }+    }++    #[test]+    fn solve_rejects_non_finite_track_positions() {+        let t = CameraTracks { tracks: vec![Track2D { pts: vec![[f32::NAN, 0.0]; 3], ..Default::default() }], ..tracks() };+        let error = solve(&t, &SolveSettings::default(), None).unwrap_err();+        assert!(error.0.contains("finite"));+    }++    #[test]+    fn solve_rejects_invalid_dimensions_timing_and_scale() {+        for t in [+            CameraTracks { size: [f64::NAN, 1080.0], ..tracks() },+            CameraTracks { frame_duration: 0.0, ..tracks() },+            CameraTracks { factor: f64::INFINITY, ..tracks() },+        ] {+            assert!(solve(&t, &SolveSettings::default(), None).is_err());+        }+    }+}diff --git a/crates/track/src/camtrack/bundle.rs b/crates/track/src/camtrack/bundle.rs--- a/crates/track/src/camtrack/bundle.rs+++ b/crates/track/src/camtrack/bundle.rs@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@  use rayon::prelude::*; -use super::Distortion; use super::geometry::Pose; use super::linalg::*;+use super::{Distortion, SolveError};  /// A camera in the adjustment. #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq)]@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ pub struct BaOpts {     pub fixed: Vec<bool>,     /// Huber threshold (pixels).     pub huber: f64,+    /// Maximum LM iterations (at most 1000).     pub max_iter: usize,     /// Adjust the shared radial distortion `(k1, k2)` too.     pub distortion: bool,@@ -76,21 +77,89 @@ fn huber(e2: f64, k: f64) -> f64 {     if e2 <= k * k { e2 } else { 2.0 * k * e2.sqrt() - k * k } } -/// Residual (pixels) of one observation, `None` behind the camera.+// Bound the temporary systems before any input-sized allocation. Includes dense matrices+// for the main system, trial copies and both Rayon phases, plus per-point/observation data.+const MAX_BA_BYTES: usize = 256 * 1024 * 1024;+const MAX_BA_CAMERAS: usize = 4096;+const MAX_BA_POINTS: usize = 200_000;+const MAX_BA_OBSERVATIONS: usize = 1_000_000;++fn valid_camera(c: &BaCam) -> bool {+    c.f.is_finite()+        && c.f > 0.0+        && c.pose.r.iter().flatten().chain(&c.pose.c).all(|v| v.is_finite())+        && [c.dist.k1, c.dist.k2, c.dist.radius].iter().all(|v| v.is_finite())+}++fn validate(cams: &[BaCam], pts: &[V3], obs: &[BaObs], o: &BaOpts) -> Result<(), SolveError> {+    if cams.len() > MAX_BA_CAMERAS || pts.len() > MAX_BA_POINTS || obs.len() > MAX_BA_OBSERVATIONS {+        return Err(SolveError("bundle adjustment input exceeds the supported size".into()));+    }+    if !o.huber.is_finite() || o.huber <= 0.0 || o.max_iter > 1000 || matches!(o.focal, FocalMode::PerCamera(k) if !k.is_finite() || k < 0.0) {+        return Err(SolveError("invalid bundle adjustment options".into()));+    }+    if cams.iter().any(|c| !valid_camera(c)) || pts.iter().flatten().any(|v| !v.is_finite()) {+        return Err(SolveError("bundle adjustment cameras and points must be finite, with positive focal lengths".into()));+    }+    for ob in obs {+        if cams.get(ob.cam as usize).is_none() || pts.get(ob.pt as usize).is_none() {+            return Err(SolveError("bundle adjustment observation index is out of range".into()));+        }+        if ob.uv.iter().any(|v| !v.is_finite()) {+            return Err(SolveError("bundle adjustment observations must be finite".into()));+        }+    }+    Ok(())+}++fn matrix_len(n: usize, npts: usize, nobs: usize) -> Result<usize, SolveError> {+    let threads = rayon::current_num_threads();+    let build_workers = if n <= 700 && npts > 64 { threads.clamp(1, 16) } else { 0 };+    let schur_workers = if n <= 1200 && npts >= 64 && threads > 1 { threads.clamp(1, 8) } else { 0 };+    // The two worker phases do not coexist; allow the larger phase plus main/trial buffers.+    let copies = 4 + build_workers.max(schur_workers);+    let len = n.checked_mul(n);+    let bytes = len+        .and_then(|v| v.checked_add(n))+        .and_then(|v| v.checked_mul(size_of::<f64>()))+        .and_then(|v| v.checked_mul(copies))+        .and_then(|v| npts.checked_mul(320).and_then(|p| v.checked_add(p)))+        .and_then(|v| nobs.checked_mul(2 * 9 * size_of::<(usize, V3)>() + size_of::<BaObs>() + 2 * size_of::<u32>()).and_then(|p| v.checked_add(p)));+    match (len, bytes) {+        (Some(len), Some(bytes)) if bytes <= MAX_BA_BYTES => Ok(len),+        _ => Err(SolveError("bundle adjustment exceeds its 256 MiB workspace budget; use fewer cameras or observations".into())),+    }+}++/// Residual (pixels), or `None` for an invalid or behind-camera projection. pub fn residual(c: &BaCam, x: V3, uv: [f64; 2]) -> Option<[f64; 2]> {+    if !valid_camera(c) || x.iter().chain(&uv).any(|v| !v.is_finite()) {+        return None;+    }+    project_residual(c, x, uv)+}++fn project_residual(c: &BaCam, x: V3, uv: [f64; 2]) -> Option<[f64; 2]> {     let p = c.pose.to_cam(x);-    if p[2] <= 1e-9 {+    if p[2] <= 1e-9 || p.iter().any(|v| !v.is_finite()) {         return None;     }     let q = c.dist.distort([c.f * p[0] / p[2], c.f * p[1] / p[2]]);-    Some([q[0] - uv[0], q[1] - uv[1]])+    let r = [q[0] - uv[0], q[1] - uv[1]];+    r.iter().all(|v| v.is_finite()).then_some(r)+}++/// Total robust cost. Rejects invalid inputs before starting parallel evaluation.+pub fn cost(cams: &[BaCam], pts: &[V3], obs: &[BaObs], o: &BaOpts) -> Result<f64, SolveError> {+    validate(cams, pts, obs, o)?;+    let c = validated_cost(cams, pts, obs, o);+    if c.is_finite() { Ok(c) } else { Err(SolveError("bundle adjustment cost is not finite".into())) } } -/// Total robust cost.-pub fn cost(cams: &[BaCam], pts: &[V3], obs: &[BaObs], o: &BaOpts) -> f64 {+fn validated_cost(cams: &[BaCam], pts: &[V3], obs: &[BaObs], o: &BaOpts) -> f64 {     let c: f64 = obs         .par_iter()-        .map(|ob| match residual(&cams[ob.cam as usize], pts[ob.pt as usize], ob.uv) {+        .map(|ob| match cams.get(ob.cam as usize).zip(pts.get(ob.pt as usize)).and_then(|(c, x)| project_residual(c, *x, ob.uv)) {             Some(r) => huber(r[0] * r[0] + r[1] * r[1], o.huber),             None => BEHIND,         })@@ -175,15 +244,21 @@ fn cam_jac(l: &Layout, ci: usize, c: &BaCam, xc: V3, a: &[[f64; 3]; 2], p: [f64; }  /// Run Levenberg–Marquardt. `cams` and `pts` are updated in place.-pub fn adjust(cams: &mut [BaCam], pts: &mut [V3], obs: &[BaObs], o: &BaOpts) -> BaReport {+/// Invalid inputs or workspaces exceeding 256 MiB return an error before mutation.+pub fn adjust(cams: &mut [BaCam], pts: &mut [V3], obs: &[BaObs], o: &BaOpts) -> Result<BaReport, SolveError> {+    validate(cams, pts, obs, o)?;     let l = layout(cams.len(), o);+    let matrix_len = matrix_len(l.n, pts.len(), obs.len())?;     let npts = pts.len();     // Observations by point.     let mut by_pt: Vec<Vec<u32>> = vec![vec![]; npts];     for (i, ob) in obs.iter().enumerate() {         by_pt[ob.pt as usize].push(i as u32);     }-    let mut cur = cost(cams, pts, obs, o);+    let mut cur = validated_cost(cams, pts, obs, o);+    if !cur.is_finite() {+        return Err(SolveError("bundle adjustment cost is not finite".into()));+    }     let initial = cur;     let t0 = web_time::Instant::now();     let mut tries = 0usize;@@ -191,7 +266,7 @@ pub fn adjust(cams: &mut [BaCam], pts: &mut [V3], obs: &[BaObs], o: &BaOpts) ->     let mut lambda = 1e-4;     let mut iters = 0;     if l.n == 0 && o.fix_points {-        return BaReport { initial_cost: initial, cost: cur, iterations: 0 };+        return Ok(BaReport { initial_cost: initial, cost: cur, iterations: 0 });     }     let n = l.n;     let parallel = n <= 700;@@ -274,12 +349,12 @@ pub fn adjust(cams: &mut [BaCam], pts: &mut [V3], obs: &[BaObs], o: &BaOpts) ->             let parts: Vec<(Vec<f64>, Vec<f64>, Vec<PtSys>)> = (0..chunks)                 .into_par_iter()                 .map(|t| {-                    let (mut s, mut b) = (vec![0.0; n * n], vec![0.0; n]);+                    let (mut s, mut b) = (vec![0.0; matrix_len], vec![0.0; n]);                     let v = (t * per..((t + 1) * per).min(npts)).map(|j| build_point(j, &mut s, &mut b)).collect();                     (s, b, v)                 })                 .collect();-            let mut s = vec![0.0; n * n];+            let mut s = vec![0.0; matrix_len];             let mut b = vec![0.0; n];             let mut sys = Vec::with_capacity(npts);             for (ps, pb, pv) in parts {@@ -293,7 +368,7 @@ pub fn adjust(cams: &mut [BaCam], pts: &mut [V3], obs: &[BaObs], o: &BaOpts) ->             }             (s, b, sys)         } else {-            let mut s = vec![0.0; n * n];+            let mut s = vec![0.0; matrix_len];             let mut b = vec![0.0; n];             let sys = (0..npts).map(|j| build_point(j, &mut s, &mut b)).collect();             (s, b, sys)@@ -370,7 +445,7 @@ pub fn adjust(cams: &mut [BaCam], pts: &mut [V3], obs: &[BaObs], o: &BaOpts) ->                     let parts: Vec<(Vec<f64>, Vec<f64>)> = (0..chunks)                         .into_par_iter()                         .map(|t| {-                            let (mut ds, mut dr) = (vec![0.0; n * n], vec![0.0; n]);+                            let (mut ds, mut dr) = (vec![0.0; matrix_len], vec![0.0; n]);                             reduce(t * per..((t + 1) * per).min(npts), &mut ds, &mut dr);                             (ds, dr)                         })@@ -424,7 +499,11 @@ pub fn adjust(cams: &mut [BaCam], pts: &mut [V3], obs: &[BaObs], o: &BaOpts) ->                     *x = add(*x, mv(vi, b));                 });             }-            let c2 = cost(&nc, &np, obs, o);+            if nc.iter().any(|c| !valid_camera(c)) || np.iter().flatten().any(|v| !v.is_finite()) {+                lambda *= 4.0;+                continue;+            }+            let c2 = validated_cost(&nc, &np, obs, o);             if c2.is_finite() && c2 < cur {                 cams.copy_from_slice(&nc);                 pts.copy_from_slice(&np);@@ -443,7 +522,7 @@ pub fn adjust(cams: &mut [BaCam], pts: &mut [V3], obs: &[BaObs], o: &BaOpts) ->                             t0.elapsed().as_secs_f64()                         );                     }-                    return BaReport { initial_cost: initial, cost: cur, iterations: iters };+                    return Ok(BaReport { initial_cost: initial, cost: cur, iterations: iters });                 }                 break;             }@@ -456,7 +535,7 @@ pub fn adjust(cams: &mut [BaCam], pts: &mut [V3], obs: &[BaObs], o: &BaOpts) ->     if dbg {         eprintln!("ba n={} pts={} obs={} iters={iters} tries={tries} {:.2}s cost {initial:.1} -> {cur:.1}", l.n, npts, obs.len(), t0.elapsed().as_secs_f64());     }-    BaReport { initial_cost: initial, cost: cur, iterations: iters }+    Ok(BaReport { initial_cost: initial, cost: cur, iterations: iters }) }  #[cfg(test)]@@ -464,6 +543,75 @@ mod tests {     use super::*;     use crate::camtrack::geometry::Rng; +    fn test_camera() -> BaCam {+        BaCam { pose: Pose::IDENTITY, f: 900.0, dist: Distortion::NONE }+    }++    #[test]+    fn cost_rejects_invalid_observation_indices() {+        for (cam, pt) in [(1, 0), (0, 1)] {+            let obs = [BaObs { cam, pt, uv: [0.0; 2] }];+            assert!(cost(&[test_camera()], &[[0.0, 0.0, 5.0]], &obs, &BaOpts::default()).is_err());+        }+    }++    #[test]+    fn adjust_rejects_invalid_observation_without_mutating_inputs() {+        for (cam, pt) in [(1, 0), (0, 1)] {+            let mut cams = [test_camera()];+            let mut pts = [[0.0, 0.0, 5.0]];+            let before = (cams, pts);+            let obs = [BaObs { cam, pt, uv: [0.0; 2] }];+            assert!(adjust(&mut cams, &mut pts, &obs, &BaOpts::default()).is_err());+            assert_eq!((cams, pts), before);+        }+    }++    #[test]+    fn residual_rejects_non_finite_inputs_and_projection_overflow() {+        let cam = test_camera();+        assert!(residual(&cam, [0.0, 0.0, f64::NAN], [0.0; 2]).is_none());+        assert!(residual(&cam, [0.0, 0.0, 5.0], [f64::INFINITY, 0.0]).is_none());+        for bad in [+            BaCam { f: f64::NAN, ..cam },+            BaCam { dist: Distortion { k1: f64::INFINITY, ..Distortion::NONE }, ..cam },+            BaCam { pose: Pose { c: [f64::NAN; 3], ..Pose::IDENTITY }, ..cam },+            BaCam { pose: Pose { r: [[f64::INFINITY; 3]; 3], ..Pose::IDENTITY }, ..cam },+        ] {+            assert!(residual(&bad, [0.0, 0.0, 5.0], [0.0; 2]).is_none());+        }+        assert!(residual(&cam, [f64::MAX, 0.0, 1.0], [0.0; 2]).is_none());+    }++    #[test]+    fn adjustment_rejects_non_finite_points_observations_and_options() {+        let cam = test_camera();+        let pts = [[0.0, 0.0, 5.0]];+        let obs = [BaObs { cam: 0, pt: 0, uv: [0.0; 2] }];+        assert!(cost(&[cam], &[[f64::NAN, 0.0, 5.0]], &obs, &BaOpts::default()).is_err());+        assert!(cost(&[cam], &pts, &[BaObs { uv: [f64::NAN; 2], ..obs[0] }], &BaOpts::default()).is_err());+        for opts in [+            BaOpts { huber: f64::NAN, ..Default::default() },+            BaOpts { huber: 0.0, ..Default::default() },+            BaOpts { focal: FocalMode::PerCamera(f64::INFINITY), ..Default::default() },+            BaOpts { max_iter: usize::MAX, ..Default::default() },+        ] {+            let mut trial_pts = pts;+            assert!(adjust(&mut [cam], &mut trial_pts, &obs, &opts).is_err());+        }+    }++    #[test]+    fn matrix_workspace_is_checked_and_bounded_before_allocation() {+        assert!(matrix_len(usize::MAX, 0, 0).is_err());+        assert!(matrix_len(1, usize::MAX, 0).is_err());+        assert!(matrix_len(1, 0, usize::MAX).is_err());+        let mut cams = vec![test_camera(); 1000];+        assert!(adjust(&mut cams, &mut [], &[], &BaOpts::default()).is_err());+        assert!(matrix_len(6, 1000, 1000).is_ok());+        assert!(matrix_len(955, 900, 160 * 900).is_ok());+    }+     #[test]     fn bundle_adjustment_converges_from_noise() {         let mut rng = Rng(99);@@ -493,7 +641,7 @@ mod tests {         let mut fixed = vec![false; 6];         fixed[0] = true;         fixed[1] = true;-        let rep = adjust(&mut cams, &mut pts, &obs, &BaOpts { fixed, max_iter: 50, ..Default::default() });+        let rep = adjust(&mut cams, &mut pts, &obs, &BaOpts { fixed, max_iter: 50, ..Default::default() }).unwrap();         let rms = (rep.cost / obs.len() as f64).sqrt();         assert!(rms < 1e-4, "{rep:?}");     }diff --git a/crates/track/src/camtrack/geometry.rs b/crates/track/src/camtrack/geometry.rs--- a/crates/track/src/camtrack/geometry.rs+++ b/crates/track/src/camtrack/geometry.rs@@ -244,6 +244,9 @@ pub fn reproj2(pose: &Pose, x: V3, o: [f64; 2]) -> Option<f64> { /// Pick the essential decomposition with the most points in front of both cameras; returns /// the second camera (the first is the identity) and that count. pub fn select_pose(cands: &[(M3, V3)], x1: &[[f64; 2]], x2: &[[f64; 2]]) -> Option<(Pose, usize)> {+    if x1.len() != x2.len() || x1.is_empty() || x1.iter().chain(x2).flatten().any(|v| !v.is_finite()) {+        return None;+    }     let mut best: Option<(Pose, usize)> = None;     for (r, t) in cands {         let p2 = Pose::from_rt(*r, *t);@@ -380,6 +383,14 @@ mod tests {         [c[0] / c[2], c[1] / c[2]]     } +    #[test]+    fn pose_selection_rejects_mismatched_or_non_finite_correspondences() {+        let candidates = [(I3, [0.1, 0.0, 0.0])];+        assert!(select_pose(&candidates, &[[0.0; 2]], &[]).is_none());+        assert!(select_pose(&candidates, &[], &[[0.0; 2]]).is_none());+        assert!(select_pose(&candidates, &[[f64::NAN, 0.0]], &[[0.0; 2]]).is_none());+    }+     #[test]     fn essential_recovers_relative_pose() {         let (pts, p2) = scene();diff --git a/crates/track/src/camtrack/solver.rs b/crates/track/src/camtrack/solver.rs--- a/crates/track/src/camtrack/solver.rs+++ b/crates/track/src/camtrack/solver.rs@@ -42,13 +42,54 @@ struct Data {     noise_bits: std::sync::atomic::AtomicU64, } +// Input budgets apply before building the duplicated per-frame/per-track lookup tables.+const MAX_SOLVE_FRAMES: usize = 100_000;+const MAX_SOLVE_TRACKS: usize = 200_000;+const MAX_SOLVE_OBSERVATIONS: usize = 2_000_000;++fn validate_tracks(t: &CameraTracks) -> Result<(), SolveError> {+    if t.frames as usize > MAX_SOLVE_FRAMES || t.tracks.len() > MAX_SOLVE_TRACKS {+        return err("camera tracks exceed the supported frame or track count");+    }+    if t.size.iter().any(|v| !v.is_finite() || *v <= 0.0)+        || !t.factor.is_finite()+        || t.factor < 0.0+        || !t.start.is_finite()+        || !t.frame_duration.is_finite()+        || t.frame_duration <= 0.0+    {+        return err("camera tracks have invalid dimensions, timing or analysis scale");+    }+    let mut count = 0usize;+    for tr in &t.tracks {+        count = count+            .checked_add(tr.pts.len())+            .filter(|n| *n <= MAX_SOLVE_OBSERVATIONS)+            .ok_or_else(|| SolveError("camera tracks exceed the supported observation count".into()))?;+        let end = u32::try_from(tr.pts.len()).ok().and_then(|n| tr.start.checked_add(n));+        if end.is_none_or(|end| end > t.frames) {+            return err("camera track extends beyond the clip's frame range");+        }+        if tr.pts.iter().flatten().any(|v| !v.is_finite()) {+            return err("camera track positions must be finite");+        }+    }+    Ok(())+}+ impl Data {-    fn new(t: &CameraTracks, deleted: &[u32]) -> Data {+    fn new(t: &CameraTracks, deleted: &[u32]) -> Result<Data, SolveError> {+        validate_tracks(t)?;+        if deleted.len() > MAX_SOLVE_TRACKS {+            return err("too many deleted camera track ids");+        }         let n = t.frames as usize;         let c = [t.size[0] * 0.5, t.size[1] * 0.5];         let del: HashSet<u32> = deleted.iter().copied().collect();         let mut tracks = vec![];-        let mut by_frame = vec![vec![]; n];+        let mut by_frame = Vec::new();+        by_frame.try_reserve_exact(n).map_err(|_| SolveError("not enough memory for camera track frames".into()))?;+        by_frame.resize_with(n, Vec::new);         for tr in t.tracks.iter().filter(|tr| !del.contains(&tr.id) && tr.pts.len() >= 3) {             let ti = tracks.len() as u32;             let pts: Vec<[f64; 2]> = tr.pts.iter().map(|p| [p[0] as f64 - c[0], p[1] as f64 - c[1]]).collect();@@ -60,7 +101,7 @@ impl Data {             tracks.push((tr.id, tr.start as usize, pts));         }         let noise = (0.5 * t.factor).max(0.5);-        Data { n, w: t.size[0], tracks, by_frame, noise_bits: std::sync::atomic::AtomicU64::new(noise.to_bits()) }+        Ok(Data { n, w: t.size[0], tracks, by_frame, noise_bits: std::sync::atomic::AtomicU64::new(noise.to_bits()) })     }     fn at(&self, ti: u32, k: usize) -> Option<[f64; 2]> {         let (_, s, p) = &self.tracks[ti as usize];@@ -174,10 +215,10 @@ impl Recon {     }      /// Bundle-adjust the cameras of `frames` (the first stays fixed) and their points.-    fn adjust(&mut self, d: &Data, frames: &[usize], cfg: &Cfg, focal: FocalMode, iters: usize) -> f64 {+    fn adjust(&mut self, d: &Data, frames: &[usize], cfg: &Cfg, focal: FocalMode, iters: usize) -> Result<f64, SolveError> {         let (mut cams, mut pts, obs, ids) = self.observations(d, frames);         if obs.is_empty() {-            return f64::INFINITY;+            return Ok(f64::INFINITY);         }         let mut fixed = vec![false; cams.len()];         fixed[0] = true;@@ -186,14 +227,14 @@ impl Recon {             &mut pts,             &obs,             &BaOpts { focal, fix_points: false, fix_centers: cfg.kind == Kind::Tripod, fixed, huber: d.huber(), max_iter: iters, distortion: cfg.distortion },-        );+        )?;         for (k, c) in frames.iter().zip(&cams) {             self.cams.insert(*k, *c);         }         for (ti, x) in ids.iter().zip(&pts) {             self.pts.insert(*ti, *x);         }-        rep.cost+        Ok(rep.cost)     }      /// Mark observations above the inlier threshold as outliers; drop points left with fewer@@ -302,8 +343,12 @@ impl Recon {                 break;             }             let mut cams = vec![start];-            bundle::adjust(&mut cams, &mut pts.clone(), &obs, &opts(d.inlier_thr() * 4.0));-            bundle::adjust(&mut cams, &mut pts.clone(), &obs, &opts(d.huber()));+            if bundle::adjust(&mut cams, &mut pts.clone(), &obs, &opts(d.inlier_thr() * 4.0)).is_err() {+                return false;+            }+            if bundle::adjust(&mut cams, &mut pts.clone(), &obs, &opts(d.huber())).is_err() {+                return false;+            }             let inl = obs.iter().filter(|o| bundle::residual(&cams[0], pts[o.pt as usize], o.uv).is_some_and(|r| r[0] * r[0] + r[1] * r[1] <= thr2)).count();             if best.as_ref().is_none_or(|b| inl > b.0) {                 best = Some((inl, cams[0]));@@ -317,7 +362,9 @@ impl Recon {         let keep: Vec<BaObs> =             obs.iter().filter(|o| bundle::residual(&cam, pts[o.pt as usize], o.uv).is_some_and(|r| r[0] * r[0] + r[1] * r[1] <= thr2)).copied().collect();         let mut cams = vec![cam];-        bundle::adjust(&mut cams, &mut pts.clone(), &keep, &opts(d.huber()));+        if bundle::adjust(&mut cams, &mut pts.clone(), &keep, &opts(d.huber())).is_err() {+            return false;+        }         for o in &obs {             let ok = bundle::residual(&cams[0], pts[o.pt as usize], o.uv).is_some_and(|r| r[0] * r[0] + r[1] * r[1] <= thr2);             if !ok {@@ -471,10 +518,11 @@ fn grow(d: &Data, kfs: &[usize], j: usize, init: &(Pose, HashMap<u32, V3>), f: f     r.pts = init.1.clone();     let inner = |r: &mut Recon, frames: &[usize]| {         let focal = if cfg.per_frame_f && frames.len() > 2 { FocalMode::PerCamera(F_PRIOR) } else { FocalMode::Fixed };-        r.adjust(d, frames, cfg, focal, 10);+        r.adjust(d, frames, cfg, focal, 10)?;         r.reject(d);+        Ok::<(), SolveError>(())     };-    inner(&mut r, &[a, b]);+    inner(&mut r, &[a, b]).ok()?;     let order: Vec<usize> = kfs[1..j].iter().chain(&kfs[j + 1..]).copied().collect();     let mut done = 0;     for k in order {@@ -491,11 +539,11 @@ fn grow(d: &Data, kfs: &[usize], j: usize, init: &(Pose, HashMap<u32, V3>), f: f         done += 1;         let frames: Vec<usize> = r.cams.keys().copied().collect();         if done % 3 == 0 || frames.len() <= 6 {-            inner(&mut r, &frames);+            inner(&mut r, &frames).ok()?;         }     }     let frames: Vec<usize> = r.cams.keys().copied().collect();-    inner(&mut r, &frames);+    inner(&mut r, &frames).ok()?;     (r.cams.len() >= 2 && r.pts.len() >= 8).then_some(r) } @@ -531,10 +579,10 @@ fn grow_tripod(d: &Data, kfs: &[usize], f: f64, cfg: &Cfg, cancel: Option<&Atomi     r.triangulate(d, Kind::Tripod, 0.0, 20.0);     let frames: Vec<usize> = r.cams.keys().copied().collect();     let focal = if cfg.per_frame_f && frames.len() > 2 { FocalMode::PerCamera(F_PRIOR) } else { FocalMode::Fixed };-    r.adjust(d, &frames, cfg, focal, 15);+    r.adjust(d, &frames, cfg, focal, 15).ok()?;     r.reject(d);     r.triangulate(d, Kind::Tripod, 0.0, 1.0);-    r.adjust(d, &frames, cfg, focal, 15);+    r.adjust(d, &frames, cfg, focal, 15).ok()?;     (r.cams.len() >= 2 && r.pts.len() >= 8).then_some(r) } @@ -684,7 +732,7 @@ pub fn solve(tracks: &CameraTracks, s: &SolveSettings, cancel: Option<&AtomicBoo     for pass in 0..2 {         let und = (pass > 0).then(|| undistorted(tracks, &dist));         let c = solve_core(und.as_ref().unwrap_or(tracks), s, cancel)?;-        let d = Data::new(tracks, &s.deleted);+        let d = Data::new(tracks, &s.deleted)?;         d.set_noise(c.d.noise());         let mut r = c.r;         for cam in r.cams.values_mut() {@@ -699,10 +747,10 @@ pub fn solve(tracks: &CameraTracks, s: &SolveSettings, cancel: Option<&AtomicBoo         // The pinhole solve's outliers include the distorted frame edges: start from all         // observations (the Huber loss keeps real outliers in check), then reject again.         r.outliers.clear();-        r.adjust(&d, &frames, &cfg, c.focal, 30);+        r.adjust(&d, &frames, &cfg, c.focal, 30)?;         r.outliers.clear();         r.reject(&d);-        r.adjust(&d, &frames, &cfg, c.focal, 30);+        r.adjust(&d, &frames, &cfg, c.focal, 30)?;         dist = r.cams[&frames[0]].dist;         for cam in r.cams.values_mut() {             cam.dist = dist;@@ -742,7 +790,7 @@ pub fn solve(tracks: &CameraTracks, s: &SolveSettings, cancel: Option<&AtomicBoo }  fn solve_core(tracks: &CameraTracks, s: &SolveSettings, cancel: Option<&AtomicBool>) -> Result<Core, SolveError> {-    let d = Data::new(tracks, &s.deleted);+    let d = Data::new(tracks, &s.deleted)?;     if d.n < 2 {         return err("the clip must be at least two frames long");     }@@ -848,7 +896,7 @@ fn solve_core(tracks: &CameraTracks, s: &SolveSettings, cancel: Option<&AtomicBo     lap("tripod");     // Keyframes: adjust with the focal length free, reject, re-triangulate, adjust again.     let kf_frames: Vec<usize> = r.cams.keys().copied().collect();-    r.adjust(&d, &kf_frames, &cfg, focal, 40);+    r.adjust(&d, &kf_frames, &cfg, focal, 40)?;     r.reject(&d);     // Re-estimate the tracking noise from the inlier residuals (robustly, from their median:     // for 2D Gaussian noise of deviation σ the median distance is 1.1774 σ), then tighten the@@ -876,9 +924,9 @@ fn solve_core(tracks: &CameraTracks, s: &SolveSettings, cancel: Option<&AtomicBo         r.reject(&d);     }     r.triangulate(&d, kind, 1.0, 1.0);-    r.adjust(&d, &kf_frames, &cfg, focal, 40);+    r.adjust(&d, &kf_frames, &cfg, focal, 40)?;     r.reject(&d);-    r.adjust(&d, &kf_frames, &cfg, focal, 20);+    r.adjust(&d, &kf_frames, &cfg, focal, 20)?;     if cancelled() {         return err("cancelled");     }@@ -910,7 +958,7 @@ fn solve_core(tracks: &CameraTracks, s: &SolveSettings, cancel: Option<&AtomicBo     let all: Vec<usize> = r.cams.keys().copied().collect();     r.reject(&d);     if all.len() <= 160 {-        r.adjust(&d, &all, &cfg, focal, 25);+        r.adjust(&d, &all, &cfg, focal, 25)?;         r.reject(&d);     } else {         // Points only (cameras fixed) would be cheap but the keyframe solution is already